Foreign Agricultural Land Investment Disclosure (AFIDA) – Trade/Investment Controls

Current understanding

To be populated as evidence accumulates.

Evidence log

• 2026-05-07 — Protecting U.S. Farmland and Sensitive Sites From Foreign Adversaries Act: HR8700 (Protecting U.S. Farmland and Sensitive Sites From Foreign Adversaries Act, introduced) would layer new foreign-adversary acquisition and control restrictions on U.S. farmland and sensitive sites atop AFIDA’s disclosure baseline, joining the existing bill cluster (PASS, FARMLAND, SOIL, Protecting America’s Agricultural Land from Foreign Harm). (novelty: 2)
• 2025-10-14 — PASS Act of 2025: PASS Act of 2025 (introduced) would layer categorical adversary-country (CN/RU/IR/KP) prohibitions on U.S. agricultural land purchases and investments on top of AFIDA’s disclosure regime, and direct USDA to report on related national-security risks. (novelty: 3)
• 2025-03-28 — FARMLAND Act of 2025: FARMLAND Act of 2025 (introduced) would strengthen AFIDA enforcement authorities and pair disclosure with a joint USDA–DHS database of foreign-owned agricultural land, moving beyond passive disclosure toward active investigative and interagency data-sharing tools. (novelty: 3)
• 2025-03-12 — SOIL Act of 2025: SOIL Act of 2025 (introduced) would expand AFIDA disclosure to leases longer than five years and require annual public reporting focused on China- and Russia-linked holdings, layering CFIUS review and a federal ag-assistance ban on top of the existing disclosure regime. (novelty: 3)
• 2025-03-06 — PASS Act: PASS Act would move beyond AFIDA disclosure by categorically barring China-, Russia-, Iran-, and DPRK-linked persons from purchasing or leasing U.S. agricultural land near sensitive military or national-security sites. (novelty: 3)
• 2025-02-18 — Protecting America’s Agricultural Land from Foreign Harm Act of 2025: 2025 — Protecting America’s Agricultural Land from Foreign Harm Act would expand AFIDA reporting to explicitly cover security interests and leases, while layering outright purchase/lease bans and USDA program bars for persons tied to China, Russia, Iran, or North Korea on top of the existing disclosure regime. (novelty: 3)
• 2025-02-28 — FARM Act: FARM Act proposal complements AFIDA by moving beyond disclosure to mandatory CFIUS review of foreign investments in U.S. agricultural businesses, seating USDA on CFIUS, and designating agriculture as critical infrastructure. (novelty: 3)
• 2026-01-14 — Preemption of Real Property Discrimination Act: cross-connection with preemption-real-property-discrimination-act: Both address foreign involvement in U.S. real property, but HR7053 preempts state ownership bans while AFIDA governs federal disclosure of foreign agricultural land holdings. (novelty: 3)
• 2026-06-25 — Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978: USDA proposed rule (2024) would modernize AFIDA implementation by mandating electronic FSA-153 submissions, establishing an internet-accessible disclosure database, expanding reporting scope, and strengthening civil penalty enforcement to better surface national-security risks from foreign ownership of U.S. agricultural land. (novelty: 3)

Open questions

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