Protecting America’s Agricultural Land from Foreign Harm Act of 2025
Key claim: The bill would bar persons owned, controlled, or directed by the governments of China, Russia, Iran, or North Korea from buying or leasing U.S. public or private agricultural land and from most USDA programs, while expanding AFIDA reporting to cover security interests and leases.
Abstract
(S618 · 119th Congress) Protecting America’s Agricultural Land from Foreign Harm Act of 2025 This bill prohibits persons associated with the governments of Iran, North Korea, China, or Russia from purchasing or leasing agricultural land in the United States. Specifically, the President must prohibit any person (individual or entity) owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction or direction of these foreign governments from purchasing or leasing (1) public agricultural land that is owned by the United States and administered by a federal department or agency, or (2) private agricultural land that is located in the United States. A person that violates or attempts to violate this prohibition is subject to civil and criminal penalties. This prohibition does not require a person that owns or leases agricultural land as of the date of this bill’s enactment to sell that land. Further, the President must prohibit a person associated with these foreign governments and who leases, or who has full or partial ownership of, agricultural land in the United States from participating in Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs. Exceptions are included to allow for participation in USDA programs related to food safety, the health and labor safety of individuals, or certain reporting and disclosure requirements. The bill excludes U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents from these restrictions. The bill also amends the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (AFIDA) to require reporting on security interests and leases. Finally, the Government Accountability Office must submit a report to Congress on AFIDA. Latest action (2025-02-18): Read twice and referred to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.
Why this matters
This bill would shift U.S. foreign agricultural land policy from disclosure-only (AFIDA) toward categorical prohibitions on acquisition, leasing, and USDA program access for entities tied to four adversary governments. If enacted, it would create a new class of restricted foreign investors in a sector historically open to foreign capital and would meaningfully expand the compliance surface for land transactions, lenders, and USDA program administrators.