Foreign Agricultural Land Investment Disclosure (AFIDA)

Current understanding

To be populated as evidence accumulates.

Evidence log

• 2026-05-07 — Protecting U.S. Farmland and Sensitive Sites From Foreign Adversaries Act: HR8700 (Protecting U.S. Farmland and Sensitive Sites From Foreign Adversaries Act) introduced to impose new restrictions on foreign-adversary acquisition or control of U.S. farmland and sensitive sites, adding another adversary-focused layer atop AFIDA’s disclosure regime. (novelty: 2)
• 2025-10-14 — PASS Act of 2025: PASS Act of 2025 introduced to prohibit China-, Russia-, Iran-, and North Korea-linked persons and entities from purchasing or investing in U.S. agricultural land and companies, add the USDA Secretary to CFIUS, mandate CFIUS review of certain foreign ag investments, and require USDA reporting on national-security risks — layering adversary-country prohibitions and screening onto AFIDA’s disclosure regime. (novelty: 3)
• 2025-03-28 — FARMLAND Act of 2025: FARMLAND Act of 2025 introduced to strengthen AFIDA enforcement, require a joint USDA–DHS database of foreign-owned agricultural land, and pair disclosure with expanded CFIUS review of large (>$5M or >320-acre) foreign agricultural and critical-materials land transactions. (novelty: 3)
• 2025-03-12 — SOIL Act of 2025: SOIL Act of 2025 introduced to expand AFIDA disclosure to leases longer than five years with annual public reporting emphasizing China and Russia, layered on top of a new CFIUS review of agricultural-land investments from nonmarket/security-risk countries and a bar on federal agricultural assistance for such holdings. (novelty: 3)
• 2025-03-06 — PASS Act: PASS Act introduced to prohibit China-, Russia-, Iran-, and North Korea-linked persons from buying or leasing U.S. agricultural land near sensitive military/national-security sites or controlling U.S. ag companies, layering adversary-specific prohibitions on top of AFIDA’s disclosure regime. (novelty: 3)
• 2025-02-18 — Protecting America’s Agricultural Land from Foreign Harm Act of 2025: Protecting America’s Agricultural Land from Foreign Harm Act of 2025 introduced to expand AFIDA reporting to cover security interests and leases, and to bar persons controlled by the governments of China, Russia, Iran, or North Korea from buying or leasing U.S. agricultural land or accessing most USDA programs. (novelty: 3) (novelty: 3)
• 2025-01-22 — FARM Act: cross-connection with farm-act-cfius-agriculture: FARM Act’s CFIUS review of foreign agricultural investments complements AFIDA’s disclosure regime on foreign-held agricultural land, layering national-security review on top of reporting. (novelty: 3)
• 2025-02-28 — FARM Act: FARM Act introduced to add USDA Secretary to CFIUS and mandate review of foreign investments in U.S. agricultural businesses, complementing AFIDA’s disclosure-based approach with a national-security screening mechanism and classifying agricultural systems as critical infrastructure. (novelty: 3)
• 2026-01-14 — Preemption of Real Property Discrimination Act: 2026-06-25 — HR7053 (Preemption of Real Property Discrimination Act) introduced to preempt state laws restricting real property purchases by citizenship status, creating a federal counterweight to state-level foreign ag land ownership bans that operate alongside AFIDA disclosure requirements. (novelty: 3)
• 2026-06-25 — Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978: USDA proposed rule to modernize AFIDA implementation with electronic disclosure submission, an internet database of filings, expanded reporting requirements, and strengthened enforcement to better track national-security risks from foreign ownership of U.S. agricultural land. (novelty: 3)

Open questions

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