Flood Protection and Infrastructure Resilience Act of 2025
Key claim: This bill would let USDA do longer-term flood-protection work after disasters, cover up to 90% of the cost of repairing aging watershed dams in poorer rural areas, and use conservation partnerships to reduce flood and drought damage.
Abstract
(S3140 · 119th Congress) Flood Protection and Infrastructure Resilience Act of 2025 This bill expands Department of Agriculture (USDA) watershed programs. The bill modifies the Emergency Watershed Protection (EWP) Program to allow USDA to undertake certain measures that go beyond addressing the immediate impairment of the watershed. Specifically, USDA may undertake measures that increase the level of protection of the watershed if USDA determines that the restoration is in the best interest of the long-term health and the protection of the watershed from repetitive impairments. (The EWP Program assists sponsors, landowners, and operators in implementing emergency recovery measures for runoff retardation and erosion prevention to relieve imminent hazards to life and property created by natural disasters.) In addition, for Watershed Rehabilitation Program (REHAB) projects that serve a limited resource area, the bill increases the federal cost-share to up to 90% of the total rehabilitation costs. Currently, the federal cost-share for all projects is 65% of the total rehabilitation costs. (REHAB assists project sponsors in rehabilitating aging watershed dams that are reaching the end of their design life or no longer meet certain federal or state standards.) Further, the purpose of the Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) is amended to include the prevention and mitigation of the effects of flooding and drought and the improvement or expansion of flood resiliency. (Under the RCPP, USDA enters into agreements with partners to deliver conservation projects in specific geographical areas. Within an RCPP project, producers enter into contracts and agreements with USDA to carry out eligible conservation activities.) Latest action (2025-11-06): Read twice and referred to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.
Why this matters
Much of the U.S. rural flood-protection infrastructure consists of PL-566 watershed dams built in the mid-20th century that are now past their design life, and the EWP program’s short post-disaster window often forces either rushed repairs or lapsed work. By lengthening EWP timelines, raising cost-share for poorer communities’ dam rehab, and routing more RCPP funds toward flood/drought resilience, the bill would shift USDA’s watershed role further toward long-horizon infrastructure maintenance — with downstream effects on farmer flood losses and rural property risk.