An act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14.

Key claim: Public Law 119-21 (HR1, 119th Congress) is a reconciliation act that constrains USDA Thrifty Food Plan reevaluations used for SNAP benefits, extends 2018 farm bill programs, reduces taxes, adjusts federal spending, and raises the statutory debt limit.

Abstract

(HR1 · 119th Congress) This act reduces taxes, reduces or increases spending for various federal programs, increases the statutory debt limit, and otherwise addresses agencies and programs throughout the federal government. It is known as a reconciliation bill and includes legislation submitted by several congressional committees pursuant to provisions in the FY2025 congressional budget resolution (H Con. Res. 14) that directed the committees to submit legislation to the House or Senate Budget Committee that will increase or decrease the deficit and increase the statutory debt limit by specified amounts. (Reconciliation bills are considered by Congress using expedited legislative procedures that prevent a filibuster and restrict amendments in the Senate.) TITLE I–COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION, AND FORESTRY This title addresses a wide range of Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs, including by changing the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and extending programs authorized by the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (commonly known as the 2018 farm bill). Subtitle A–Nutrition (Sec. 10101) This section prohibits USDA from increasing the cost of the Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) based on a reevaluation of the contents of the TFP (i.e., the market basket of goods). Further, any annual adjustment to the cost of the plan must be based on the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers. As background, USDA created the TFP (the cost of purchasing a nutritionally adequate low-cost diet), which is used to determine maximum monthly benefits under the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). USDA calculates the cost of the TFP each year to account for food price inflation. Maximum allotments are set at the monthly cost of the TFP for a four-person family, adjusted for family size. Under a provision of the 2018 farm bill, USDA must reevaluate the market basket of goods every five years based on current food prices, food composition data, consumption patterns, Latest action (2025-07-04): Became Public Law No: 119-21.

Why this matters

Public Law 119-21 is the enacted reconciliation vehicle behind a wave of USDA rulemaking and program changes touching SNAP benefit methodology, farm program payments, and mandatory spending baselines. For farmers, it extends 2018 farm bill programs and reshapes payment limitation and eligibility rules; for SNAP recipients, it constrains how the Thrifty Food Plan — the basis for maximum benefits — can be reevaluated, which over time affects benefit adequacy and grocery purchasing power; for states, it shifts a larger share of SNAP administrative costs onto their budgets.

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