SOIL Act of 2025
Current understanding
The SOIL Act of 2025 would require CFIUS to review agricultural-land investments by persons from nonmarket economies or countries designated as national-security risks, and would prohibit federal agricultural assistance (subsidies, program payments) tied to such holdings. It would also expand AFIDA-style USDA foreign landholding disclosure to cover leases longer than five years and mandate annual public reporting with particular emphasis on China- and Russia-linked interests. Status: introduced; effects would fall on foreign investors and lessors in U.S. farmland and on USDA program administration, with limited direct consumer-price impact.
Evidence log
- 2025-03-28 — FARMLAND Act of 2025: cross-connection with farmland-act-2025: Both extend CFIUS reach over foreign agricultural land deals; SOIL Act narrows to nonmarket/national-security countries, while FARMLAND Act uses transaction-size and acreage thresholds and adds FDA to CFIUS. (novelty: 3)
- 2025-03-12 — SOIL Act of 2025: cross-connection with pass-act-foreign-adversary-agricultural-land: Both target foreign-adversary agricultural landholdings; SOIL uses CFIUS review plus subsidy bans and expanded AFIDA reporting, while PASS Act imposes categorical purchase/lease bans near military sites. (novelty: 3)